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04-Jul-2020 07:54
Minerals—and, in fact, everything on our planet—are exposed to cosmic radiation: luminescence dating takes advantage of the fact that certain minerals both collect and release energy from that radiation under specific conditions.
Crystalline rock types and soils collect energy from the radioactive decay of cosmic uranium, thorium, and potassium-40.
Luminescence dating is good for between a few hundred to (at least) several hundred thousand years, making it much more useful than carbon dating.
The term luminescence refers to the energy emitted as light from minerals such as quartz and feldspar after they've been exposed to an ionizing radiation of some sort.
The exposure to radioactive elements continues, and the minerals begin again storing free electrons in their structures.
If you can measure the rate of acquisition of the stored energy, you can figure out how long it has been since the exposure happened.
This energy is lodged in the imperfect lattices of the mineral's crystals.
Heating these crystals (such as when a pottery vessel is fired or when rocks are heated) empties the stored energy, after which time the mineral begins absorbing energy again.
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All sediments and soils contain trace amounts of radioactive isotopes including uranium, thorium, rubidium and potassium.
Thermoluminescence was first clearly described in a paper presented to the Royal Society (of Britain) in 1663, by Robert Boyle, who described the effect in a diamond which had been warmed to body temperature.
